http://rdf.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubchem/author/MD5_f749cfdca0d90dd1b6d4e4932dc98ecc
Outgoing Links
Predicate | Object |
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family-name | Lin Yang Yang |
name | Lin Yang Lin. Yang |
given-name | Lin Lin. |
organization-name | College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang China Department of Medicine and Lung Biology Center, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110; and Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Lin Yang, University of Pennsylvania. College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Minzu University of China; Beijing 100081; China Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Analysis, Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510000 , China School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi China Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) Kowloon Tong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China Interdisciplinary Immunology Program and Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246; and CpG ImmunoPharmaceuticals Inc., Wellesley, MA 02481; Ottawa Civic Hospital Loeb Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; and Faculties of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada Department of Cell Biology; Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100069 China Department of Pathology; National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing; China Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Physics, and Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada College of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China Institute of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China; The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan, Chengdu, China National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, and Neurology; and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China Affiliations of authors: Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (YX, LS, XJ, JW); Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (JM, LS); Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (LY, JW); Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Alberta Health Services Calgary Canada Department of Neurosurgery, Yizheng People's Hospital, Yizheng, Jiangsu, China School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China. linyang992hotmail.com Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen Guangdong 518000 China Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064, P. R. China Antituberculosis Institute of Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519001, China. Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China. Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China Department of Pharmacology Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College Chongqing China College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People’s Republic of China; Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, People’s Republic of China Department of Orthopaedics, First Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China ENT Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Hearing Medicine Key Laboratory, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China Department of Nerve Electroneurophysiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland) Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Beijing 100101, P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Physics and Materials Science Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmacognosy School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China; Department of Pharmacognosy School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430030, PR China. Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ENT Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China;; Hearing Medicine Key Laboratory, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China College of Animal Science South China Agriculture University Guangzhou China Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02115; These authors contributed equally to this work. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Alberta Health Services–Cancer Care Alberta Calgary Alberta Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications; Changchun Institute of Optics; Fine Mechanics and Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130033 Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. Photon Sciences Directorate Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY USA From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.Y., A.S., B.H.), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (L.Y., Y.L.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mayo Clinic (M.T.K., B.B., C.N., G.A.W.), Rochester, MN. State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering New World Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Science; School of Chemistry and; Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China. Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, Hunan, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Hunan Xinhexin Biological Medicine Co., Ltd., Pharmacy Graduate Education Innovation Base, Hengyang, Hunan, China Department of Hematology,The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China.E-mail: ylhbsjz@163.com. Department of Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China. School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China. myyanglin1986@21cn.com Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China Diabetes Centre, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, WA; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, 1017 North Dongmen Rd, Shenzhen, China The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine & Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Persongen Bio Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China Medical School of Southeast University; Nanjing Jiangsu China Graduate School of Dentistry (Geriatric Dentistry), Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Moubtainous Region , Guiyang 550025 , China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology, CAMS, PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China. Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia North Sichuan Medical College Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China Biomedical Imaging Division, VT-WFU School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York, NY 10003, USA Diabetes Center, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China. Department of Administrative Office, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China; Department of Vascular surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology 73 Huanghe Road Harbin 150090 China Jinan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China. National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States. Electronic address: lyang@bnl.gov. Lin Yang, Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China. Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Wuhan Center for Developmental Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China. Renal Division, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Green Catalysis Center; and College of Chemistry; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou; China State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Muye Zone, Xinxiang, 453007, People’s Republic of China Department of Hand Surgery, Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215104, P. R. China. Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China. Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease Changsha China Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China Hebei University Department of Urology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. 284835248@qq.com Department of Haematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, Hebei Province, China. Department of Psychological, Huai’an No. 3 People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223001, China Medical College of Shantou University Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, , Shantou 515041 , China Department of Oncology The Second Peopleʼs Hospital of Yibin Yibin Peopleʼs Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Peopleʼs Republic of China Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Xian Yang Central Hospital Xianyang City China College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 18 01062 Dresden Germany; Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 18 01062 Dresden Germany Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China Division of Cardiology Department of MedicineNew York New York USA Department of Stomatology, No. 971 Hospital of the PLA Navy School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. School of Basic Medicine Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China Senior Department of Orthopedics, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China Key Laboratory, Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China Department of Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China. Department of Pharmacy Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China. Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, and National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University 321 Zhongshan Road Nanjing Jiangsu 210008 P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Nanjing University 22 Hankou Road Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 P. R. China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation 321 Zhongshan Road Nanjing Jiangsu 210008 P. R. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Ministry of Education; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China REGENXBIO, Rockville, MD, USA Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory for Plant Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada; University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China Chongqing Pharmaceutical Preparation Engineering Technology Research Center , 82# Daxuechengzhong Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331 , China Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital (Institute), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China. 1Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Departments of From the *Department of Otolaryngology, †Research Center, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, ‡Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, National Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, China. Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL USA Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research of Chongqing Education Commission, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research of Chongqing Education Commission, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China. Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100141, China Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing 100124, China Cardiovascular Diseases Center,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China. Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Wenzhou New Energy Material and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Wenzhou 325035, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102401, China School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China Institute of Medical Information and Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University,; Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University,; Lab of Vascular Remodeling and Developmental Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples’ Republic of China. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, and ‡College of Physics & Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P.R. China Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, 1133ENG, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University. Shijiazhuang 050000, China. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China 1Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China. School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang; China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, Canada; Preventive Oncology & Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada Neuroelectrophysiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States WHO European Office for Investment for Health and Development, Venice, Italy Guangzhou Special Pressure Equipment Inspection and Research Institute Guangzhou Guangdong 510100 P. R. China Biology Department, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA; The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA Department of Cell Biology Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Capital Medical University Beijing China Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114;; Department of Genetics, The Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, P. R. China; Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, P. R. China College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China Department of Chemistry, School of Science and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Provincial Key Laborotory of Blood Disease, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China. E-mail:ylhbsjz@163.com. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Alberta Health Services Calgary AB Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Research Center, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, National Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, China From the Department of Pathology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY (Dr Shaknovich, Ms Yang, and Dr Cattoretti); and Columbia University, Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY (Dr Cattoretti and Ms Celestine) The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University Suzhou, China. Persongen Biotherapeutics Co., Ltd. Suzhou, China. Division of General Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA From the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (L.Y., F.W.L.), Departments of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Departments of Medicine (J.R.K., S.M.T.), Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program (J.R.K.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Pathology (X.Z.), Marlene and Stewart Greenbaum Cancer Center and Center of Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases,... Andrew J. Epstein and Peter W. Groeneveld, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz (Philadelphia) Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Andrew J. Epstein, Yu-Ning Wong, Nandita Mitra, Anil Vachani, Sakhena Hin, Lin Yang, and Peter W. Groeneveld, University of Pennsylvania; Yu-Ning Wong, Temple University Health System; Aaron Smith-McLallen, Independence Blue Cross, Philadelphia, PA; Katrina Armstrong, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China College of Materials Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064; China Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute; Nanchang University Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, People’s Republic of China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital (Institute), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China. Email: lyang69@sina.com. Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Department of Radiology Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong China School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China College of Food Science Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University Linzhi China HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen Guangdong 518057 China Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, 100124, China Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China Center for Individualized Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Science, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Neuroscience Center Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100005 China Center for Biomedical Imaging & Informatics, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237; China College of Architecture and Environment; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065; P. R. China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu Shangqiu 476100, Henan Province, China. College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China Department of Pharmacology; Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College; Chongqing 401331; China Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China OIE Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Reference Laboratory, China Animal Disease Control Center Biomedical Base Beijing China Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 9 Engineering drive 1 Singapore 117574 Singapore Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao 999078, P. R. China Sanming University, Medical Plant Exploitation and Utilization Engineering Research Center Fujian Province University, Sanming, China School of Nursing Faculty of Health and Social Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China. yanglin2k@126.com School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China Chongqing Pharmaceutical Preparation Engineering Technology Research Center Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College Chongqing China The Molecular Genetic Diagnosis Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Translational Medicine Research Center of Children Development and Diseases, Pediatrics Research Institute , Shanghai, China; Children’s Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai, China State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering New World Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China State key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Stomatological Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services School of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary Canada College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China. Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China Chinese PLA Institute of Neurosurgery Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College Beijing China Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, 215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai P. R. China Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institue, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1Radiation Oncology, Departments of Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, P. R. China Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, PR China Department of Cell Biology,Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration,Capital Medical University,Beijing,China The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi China West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Second University Hospital; Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA Diabetes Center (Y.Z., L.Y., Y.X., L.L., G.H., Z.L., X.L., Z.Z.), Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital and Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TMC, Wuhan 430061. suziche@163.com Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry 105 E 24th Street (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA Guangzhou Sanitarium of PLA, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. youngnil@163.com Department of Nerve Electroneurophysiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (mainland). Department of Epidemiology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China Department of Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, Department of Pediatrics, Drew University-King Medical Center and University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90059, and Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095 Lecturer, Department of Stomatology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Sichuan, China. Quantitative Biomedical Research Center Department of Population and Data Sciences University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas; Department of Pathology National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing China National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng., Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117574 Singapore Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Suzhou Cancer Immunotherapy and Diagnosis Engineering Center, Suzhou, China the first affiliated hospital of xi'an jiaotong university, China Oncology Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China. College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China. State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078; Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518021, China. College of Pharmacy Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, University Town, Chongqing, 401331, China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064; P. R. China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000,China Neonatal Ward, Eastern District of the Hospital, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining City, Shandong Province 272000, China. The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Soochow University Suzhou China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Soochow University Suzhou China Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China Zhejiang University Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University 453007 Xinxiang Henan China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China Department of Pharmacy Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital Fuzhou China Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida USA Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Department of Radiology Guangdong General Hospital Guangzhou China Urban Gas & Heating Research Institute, North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300374, China Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine Department of Otolarygology Head and Neck Surgery,Beijing Tongren Hospital,the Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Capital Medical University. Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) Kowloon Tong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen Guangdong 518057 China 1Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China. Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China Department of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, & Evaluative Research Center University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA; Division of General Internal Medicine University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany; Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany Department of Cancer Biology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China; The Key Laboratory of Research and Diagnosis of Gynecological Diseases of Xiamen City, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany Department of Anesthesiology The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha 410011 Hunan China Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research , Calgary, , Canada; Alberta Health Services , Calgary, , Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences , Calgary, AB , Canada; Cumming School of Medicine , Calgary, AB , Canada; University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province and School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangdong 518107 China Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Clinical Medicine College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou Jiangsu, 225001, P.R.China. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Technology Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacy of Hebei Province, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Utilization, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People’s Republic of China Department of Radiology, Ziyang People’s Hospital, Ziyang, Sichuan, China. Division of Biomedical Informatics Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida 1064 Center Drive, NEB 364 Gainsville Florida 32611 USA Department of Pathology National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453002, PR China. lingdingdang@yahoo.com State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Siences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China. School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China Key Lab of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230022, China. yanglin@hfuu.edu.cn College of Life Science and Biomedical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou 510060, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065; China BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 (China) Department of Hematology Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China; Department of Pathology Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China; The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu Province China School of Nursing Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, SAR China Department of Medical Oncology NCC/NCRCC/Cancer Hospital CAMS & PUMC Beijing China National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China Molecular and Computational Biology Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA, 2Department of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel, 3Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada and 4Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China Department of Ophthalmology, Visionly Plus Eye Hospital, Beijing, China Department of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China. Department of Equipment, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China. The Rehabilitation Department of the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan - China Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan 410008, China; Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Guangdong 518021, China Ferring Product Development China, Global R&D life cycle management department, Ferring Pharmaceuticals (Asia) Company Limited, Beijing, China CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (CAS) 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China College of Life and Environmental Sciences Minzu University of China 27 Zhong Guan Cun Southern Street Beijing 100081 P.R. China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education College of Optoelectronic Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 P. R. China Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300041, P.R. China Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan BGI-Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of HUST, Wuhan, Hubei 430033, P.R. China Cardiology Department, the First Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China. Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science , Institute of Pediatrics, , Shanghai 200032, China; Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University , Institute of Pediatrics, , Shanghai 200032, China Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100021 China Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China 453007 Lin Yang, Li-Juan Yuan, Rui Dong, Ji-Kai Yin, Qing Wang, Tao Li, Jiang-Bin Li, Xi-Lin Du, Jian-Guo Lu, Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shannxi Province, China. *Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Department of Thoracic Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services , Calgary, AB, Canada College of Animal Sciences, Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian, P.R. China NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100024, China Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, PR China Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China; Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University Beijing China Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou Zhejiang China College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University. Nanchang City 330022, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China Nephropathy Department, Sichuan Second Chinese Medicine Hospital Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China Microsurgery, Senior Department of Orthopaedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China. From the Academic Unit of Cell Biology (A.G., L.P., I.R.P., I.E., L.Y., E.E.Q.), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield; the Division of Clinical Engineering (R.B.), School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liverpool; and the Department of Computer Science (R.S.), University of Sheffield, UK. Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China. 1The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China Department of Oncology, Cangzhou People’s Hospital , Cangzhou , 061000 , China College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China Department of Paediatrics, The Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchang 330047People's Republic of China; Jiangxi‐OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330047People's Republic of China Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China Department of Neurosurgery The First Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical Universityand; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, No. 82, Middle Rd, University Town, Chongqing 401331, China Leonard Davis Institute Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Philadelphia, PA 1Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas.; 2Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Urology Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University 1 , Nanjing 210096 , China Department of Clinical Pharmacy The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China; The Technology Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacy of Hebei Province The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) Kowloon Tong, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9F The Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University Park No. 2 Yuexing Third Road, South Zone, Hi‐Tech Industrial Park Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518057 China Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China,E-mail: ylhbsjz@163.com. Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic‐Electronic Information and Materials College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei University Baoding 071002 China School of Public Health Guilin Medical University Guilin China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Whole Life Cycle Health Guilin China; Key Cultivation Laboratory of Life Cycle Health Care Research Guilin China State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing; China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Albert Health Services Calgary Alberta Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China Department of Nephrology; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei 050000 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117575 Singapore Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center , Shanghai, China Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China; The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China. yl581@sohu.com Physics Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892 3Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota. Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University 277 West Yanta Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education Xi'an Jiaotong University 277 West Yanta Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China BGI Australia, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Medical University, Dongjiaominxinag No. 1, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China PersonGen-Anke Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hefei, Anhui 230001, China. Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, China Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China Authors' Affiliations: 1Vall d'Hebron Institut d'Oncologia and Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 2University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 3University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; 4University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; 5Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 6Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; 7Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and 8Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey 2Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China. College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China Department of Hematology The Second Hospital of Hebei medical University Shi Jia Zhuang China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West Chinese Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China; Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West Chinese Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; China Graduate School, Chengde Medical University and Cangzhou People’s Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China National Synchrotron Light Source – II; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton; USA Department of Anesthesiology The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China; Anesthesia Research Institute Central South University Changsha Hunan China Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China Northeast Petroleum University School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University . Xi’an , China Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Physics, and Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Diabetes Center, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital and Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education Central South University Changsha China Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China No.4 Lab, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. yxin@mail.cmu.edu.cn State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 5625, Ren Min Street, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of OXO Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China; Department of Chemistry, Henan Normal University, Henan, China; Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK From Vascular Science (R.M.R.), National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (L.Y., G.G.-C., F.W.L.), Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. Department of Nephrology and Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Capital Medical University Beijing China Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen Guangdong 518083 China Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University Xian China Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality and Evaluative Research Center University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA College & Hospital of Stomatology, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei 230032, China Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital Fujian, China. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Department of Radiation Oncology College of Life Science Northeast Forestry University Harbin China Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang 712000, P.R. China Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen, China Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville 32607, FL, USA Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Clinical Cardiovascular Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222023, P.R. China Center for Digital Health (Merchant, Southwick, Guntuku, Pelullo, Ungar) and Center for Health Care Innovation (Asch), Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Merchant, Southwick), Psychiatry (Beidas, Mandell), and Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Mitra), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Beidas); Penn... US FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA; Regenxbio, Rockville, MD, USA Centre for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China. Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China a College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University , Chongqing City , People's Republic of China aVIP Region and School of Integrative Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin People's Republic of China College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) Kowloon Tong, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Brennan McCallum Building A18, NSW 2006, Australia State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China Authors' Affiliations: 1Departments of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; 2Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518104, P.R. China Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.; Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road Beijing China 100029 Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China. Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Rehabilitation Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China Key Laboratory of Hearing Science, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Research Center, Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China Department of Gastroenterology The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong Province China Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China. The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China; College of Mathematics and Statistics Henan University Kaifeng China College of Science Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054; China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Alberta Health Services Calgary Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Canada Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China. Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; P. R. China Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, DE-01062 Dresden, Germany State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China; School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering The University of Sydney New South Wales Australia Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Heibei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China. Ultrasound Precision Cancer Therapeutics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA. Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China.; Peking University Aerospace Clinic School of Medicine, Beijing, China. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Vascular Diseases Capital Medical University Beijing China Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China Huaiyin People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China Laboratory of Marine Biology and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, China. Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Department of Chemistry, School of Science, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China Lin Yang is a programmer-analyst in the Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. J. Crayton Pruitt Family Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, FL 32611; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, FL 32611. The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Suzhou Cancer Immunotherapy and Diagnosis Engineering Center, Suzhou, China; The Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Acoustics, , Beijing, 100190, China 1Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.; 5Department of Medical Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, The Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China. School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China *Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Departments of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China. School of Nursing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory for UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland ENT institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;; Hearing Medicine Key Laboratory, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan, P. R. China. Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center Foshan China Department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150001 Heilongjiang Province P.R. China Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.P., J.K., J.A.H., A.N.K., S.I.Z., B.-x.C., L.Y., R.L., S.L., G.L., D.R., X.L., V.T., S.O.M.), Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY. Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China Division of General Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluation Research Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China Department of Hand Surgery, Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215104, China School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, 100024, China Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China Department of Clinic Laboratory Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai 200127 China Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital & Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China. BGI-Shanghai, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China Center for Individualized Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Rochester Minnesota Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Ocean Environment and Fish Source Monitor Center of Fujian Province Fuzhou Fujian 350001 China Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Midical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China. The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University Suzhou, China. Persongen BioTherapeutics Co., Ltd. Suzhou, China. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Computer and Information Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL Department of Orthopaedics The First People's Hospital of Foshan Foshan China Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China Department of Nephrology Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China Division of Thoracic Surgery, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, University Hospital, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. School of Food Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District Harbin Heilongjiang 150090 China Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 2; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China 3; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, P. R. China Department of Pharmacology Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China College of Food Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Alberta Health Services Calgary Alberta Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China From the Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (M.J.B., K.W.S., L.Y.) and the Department of Physiology (K.W.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.E.P.), Tulane University, New Orleans, La. Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Heart Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Medical Plant Exploitation and Utilization Engineering Research Center, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province Southwest Forestry University Kunming China Department of Traumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, China. jamesyangl@yahoo.com.cn Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China. Department of Epidemiology , Vienna , Austria; Centre for Public Health , Vienna , Austria; Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (L.Y., A.K., T.S., J.P.M., R.L.W., S.O.M.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.O.M.), Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY. Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Shandong University, China Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China. Oxford Nanopore Technologies Singapore Singapore Center for Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 1Cancer Biology, Departments of Department of Hematology,The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Provine, China.E-mail: ylhbsjz@163.com. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics , Changsha, Hunan , China; School of Public Health , Changsha, Hunan , China; Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China Medical Department of National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China 1 Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Physics, and Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States Department of Pathology Cancer Institute/Hospital Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland) Department of Hematology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Key Laboratory of Hematology Shijiazhuang Hebei China Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China 4Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota and Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China Rehabilitation Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Rehabilitation Medicine key laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) University Hospital Ludwig‐Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany. Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich 81377 Germany College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xi’ning City, Qinghai Province, 810016, China Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117574 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore Singapore Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng., Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ 08544, USA. Key Laboratory of Hematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064; China Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China. yanglin1860@sina.com Department of Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, and Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of California−Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095 Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, KY, USA Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Xianyang Central Hospital Xianyang P.R. China National Public Cord Blood Bank Canadian Blood Services Ottawa Ontario Canada Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA (BNL/NSLS-II) Departments of Urology (L.Y., P.R., M.R., J.T.H., G.V.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-9110;; Department of Urology (L.Y.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Urology Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China School of Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, China Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China. Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou China School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Divisions of *Cardiology and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072. Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China; Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China Department of Gastroenterology The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China Department of Pharmaceutics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064; China; College of Materials Science and Engineering Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin National Synchrotron Light Source – II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China Department of Pathology,the First Hospital,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China. Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China. Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Urology (K.W., L.Y., L.Z., D.H.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Alberta Health Services Calgary Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Canada State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 1 Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Biostatistics and 2Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 3Center for Biomedical Imaging and Informatics, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 4Center for Comprehensive Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA and 5Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; 1 Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Biostatistics and 2Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 3Center for Biomedical Imaging and Informatics, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 4Center for Comprehensive Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA and 5Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan Shandong People's Republic of China Department of Pediatrics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710004 Shaanxi Province China Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. Department of Data Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining City, Shandong Province, P.R. China Diabetes Center Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital and Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education Central South University Changsha China Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland) State Key Laboratory for Biological Control, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China. LS07@zsu.edu.cn Chengdu University of TCM. 1Department of Pathology and Interdisciplinary Oncology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida; Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China. Molecular and Computational Biology Program Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Physics & Astronomy, and Computer Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, 100024, China; College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, 100024, China National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers’ University, Jiangsu, China Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei Province China Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China. zwhchfu@126.com. Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; New World Institute of Biotechnology; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237; China Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China 325035 School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China Center for Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China Clinical Genetic Center Children’s Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China Food Science College; Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University; Nyingchi; China Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Children's Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases Ministry of Health Children's Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Children's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China. Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215004, China Department of Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China. Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Kuangshan Hospital, Xuzhou, China Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China, 730000, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China, 453007, and Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital, Dongguan, Guandong Province, People’s Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an, China Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China. yanglin70@yahoo.com Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang University235 Nanjing East RoadNanchang 330047People's Republic of China School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases Children's Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China; The Molecular Genetic Diagnosis Center, Pediatrics Research Institute Children's Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China Department of Pathology the First Hospital of Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. MinSheng Ear-Nose-Throat Hospital Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Beijing Municipal Corps, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100141, P.R. China School of Clinical Medical, Fujian Medical University (FMU) Fuzhou People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China; University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China ENT Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Hearing Medicine Key Laboratory, National Health and Family Planning Commission Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. Oncology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University); Ministry of Education; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 School of Health Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang P. R. China Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai and Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies , Shanghai, China Cord Blood Bank and Stem Cell Manufacturing, Canadian Blood Services The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun China The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China. School of Life Sciences Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland) Department of Hematology, the 2nd Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China. Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China (Email: yanglin@csco.org.cn). No.4 Lab, Cancer Institute, First Affiliatied Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1 , Nanjing 210016, China Department of Chemistry, Henan Normal University, Henan, China; Department of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, and Laboratory Animal Service Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China Graduate School of Innovative Life Science for Education, University of Toyama, Toyama 930‑8555, Japan Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, BC, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Department of Urology , Shaanxi, Xian , P.R. China; the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University , Shaanxi, Xian , P.R. China Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health , Austria Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Hyperbaric Oxygen Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China. yanglin000719@hotmail.com State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083 , China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Science and School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen China Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, China Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Department of Urinary Surgery, Cengong County People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China. School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Research & Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital (Institute); Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing China 5Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China. Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore. Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China. Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, 250012 , China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, China; Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou, China. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Center, Calgary, Canada; Department of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Oncology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Alberta Health Services Calgary Canada Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Fine Chemicals Green Manufacturing Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 P. R. China Lin Yang, Bettina F. Drake, and Graham A. Colditz, Washington University School of Medicine and Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO; and Lin Yang, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland) Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China. Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China. Covance, Inc., 3635 Concorde Parkway, Suite 100 Chantilly, VA 20151, USA School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China BGI Education Center University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China; BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China; School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 2Department of Genetics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China Department of Pharmacy Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University 710032 Xi'an China Lin Yang is a programmer analyst in the Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China (mainland) College of Chemistry and Environmental Science and Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People’s Republic of China, College of Physics & Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People’s Republic of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China, and Institute of Precision Engineering & Department of Physics, The Chinese University of... *Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine,; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032 All authors: Department of Radiology, An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, An Zhen Li, 100029, Beijing, China. Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, and Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Chang Le West Street 127 Xi'an Shaanxi 710032 China Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services Holy Cross Centre Calgary Alberta Canada; Preventive Oncology & Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Hospital Drive NW Calgary Alberta Canada School of Basic Medical Sciences Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China Department of Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Shanxi, P.R. China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Products Reliability Technology, Guangzhou, China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China †Vascular Research Division, Departments of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266-109, China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensor, Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. From the Department of Veterans Affairs’ Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, PA (A.J.E., P.W.G.); Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (A.J.E., L.Y., F.Y., P.W.G.); and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (A.J.E., P.W.G.). School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Heilongjiang, China The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China Department of Food Science, School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China Department of Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China i‐Lab Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐Bionics (SINANO) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 398 Ruoshui Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R.�China Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Computer Information and Science Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. Department of Cell Biology and Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China. Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China Attending Doctor, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China. Department of Chemistry, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, and Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China Department of Spine Surgery, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital; Institute of Anesthesiology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China. Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China Ocean Environment and Fish Source Monitor Center of Fujian Province Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438 Shanghai, China; School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China Hebei University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; CAS Center for Excellence of Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing Department of Neurology The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China Institute of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, UCAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China; Research Institute of Geological Exploration and Development, CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610051, Sichuan, China Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology; College of Chemistry and Food Science; Yulin Normal University; Yulin 537000; PR China Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China Perinatal Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, PR China College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital, Xian Medical University, Xian, China 710061; and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Institution of Immunology and Rheumatism, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China. Department of Pathology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research , Calgary, Alberta , Canada; Alberta Health Services , Calgary, Alberta , Canada; Holy Cross Centre , Calgary, Alberta , Canada Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, PA, USA a Department of Polymer Material Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong , China Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States Institute of Cancer Genetics, Departments of Pathology and Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Russ Berrie Pavilion, New York, NY 10032; Department of Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1678; Department of Pathology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021; Wyeth-Ayerst Research, 401 Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965; Department of Cell Biology,... Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China Department of Biomedical engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing , China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation , Beijing , China Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Fine Chemicals Green Manufacturing Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China. Guangzhou Special Service Sanatorium Center of the Rocket Force Guangzhou China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada.; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. Program Office for Cancer Screening in Urban China, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Hospital Infection Control, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research , Calgary, , Canada; Cancer Control Alberta , Calgary, , Canada; Alberta Health Services , Calgary, , Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences , Calgary, , Canada; Cumming School of Medicine , Calgary, , Canada; University of Calgary , Calgary, , Canada Department of Nephrology, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, China Key Laboratory for Forest Resource Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China Department of Oncology Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai’an 271000, China Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping W Rd, Shijiazhuang 050000, China Long-term Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystems/Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River/Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China. From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (M. Liu, Q.F., M. Li, L.Z.), Department of Pathology (L.Y., X.S.), Medical Statistics Office (X.L.), and Medical Records Room (C.L.), National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China. Department of Chemistry, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment and Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China. School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China; Department of Neurosurgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, P.R. China Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China. Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Department of Experimental Teaching, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang 453007, China School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China Contribution from the Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, and National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973. Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266100, China Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011. yanglin_nfm@csu.edu.cn. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming 650032 P. R. China 1Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China College of Animal Sciences Key Lab for Zoonoses Research Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun China Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064; China College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Institute of Applied Biology Shanxi University Taiyuan China; College of Life Science Shanxi University Taiyuan China Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China Guizhou University, Institute of Entomology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Guizhou University, The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, Guizhou, China Department of Pathology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China From the Department of Physiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China (Dr Su); and the Institute of Hematology, Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China (Drs Yang, Luo, Chen, and Liu). Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Sciences, Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering New World Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Heart Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu 610041 , China Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9F The Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University Park No. 2 Yuexing Third Road, South Zone, Hi‐tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518057 China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Nanjing People's Republic of China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9 Department of Nephrology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Province, China. Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; formerly at Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA Pediatric Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R.China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China; Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China; The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China; Guizhou Key Laboratory for Plant Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital and Institute Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Beijing China University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Science, Dallas, Texas, United StatescChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Department of Pathology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Alberta Health Services Calgary Canada; Preventive Oncology & Community Health Sciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada; Department of Epidemiology Center for Public Health Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri2Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri Department of Cell Biology; Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration; Capital Medical University; Beijing China College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (L.Y., G.L., S.I.Z., S.O.M.), the Department of Pharmacology (S.O.M.), and the Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology (L.Y., G.L., S.I.Z., A.M.B., M.M., S.O.M.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science and College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine. Jinan 250012, Shandong Province;Jiangsu Province, China.E-mail:linl_521@126.com. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China, Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China, and Institute for Laser Medicine and Bio-Photonics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, China Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing 100124, China Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing, China Division of Biomedical Informatics, Departments of Biostatistics and Computer Science, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of West China Hospital , , Sichuan, China; Sichuan University , , Sichuan, China From the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Departments of Pathology, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and the Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, Biology Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, and National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University 730000 Lanzhou China Center for Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China. Diabetes Center, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital and Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, China Department of Epidemiology, Center of Public Health Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Department of Thoracic Surgery Cancer Hospital (Institute) 100021 Beijing People's Republic of China |
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