| abstract |
An atomic layer deposition (ALD) process is based upon the sequential supply of at least two separate reactants into a process chamber. A first reactant reacts (becomes adsorbed) with the surface of the substrate via chemisorption. The first reactant gas is removed from the chamber, and a second reactant gas reacts with the adsorbed reactant to form a monolayer of the desired film. The process is repeated to form a layer of any thickness. To reduce the process time, there is no separate purge gas used to purge the first reactant gas from the chamber prior to introducing the second gas, containing the second reactant. Instead, the purge gas also includes the second reactant. Thus, there can be very little or no delay between introducing the first and second gases. In one embodiment, a plasma of the second gas is created using an RF source, which forms energized ions and reactive atoms to drive the reaction at low temperatures. |