| abstract |
Methods for freeze drying porous materials are provided. The methods include transferring a porous structure comprising a plurality of pores and a solvent disposed in and about the plurality of pores to a pressure chamber, exchanging the solvent with CO 2 , rapidly freezing the CO 2 , such that the formation of gas bubbles and exposure of the porous structure to a gas-liquid interface are minimized or avoided, and removing the CO 2 by subliming to yield a dried porous structure. Devices used to perform the method and compositions made according to the method are also provided. |