| abstract |
This invention provides compounds of formula I: n n n n n n n n n n wherein a, b, c, d, m, n, p, r, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and W are as defined in the specification. The compounds of formula I are muscarinic receptor antagonists. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, processes and intermediates for preparing such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat pulmonary disorders. |