| abstract |
In the present invention, there are provided methods and apparatus for characterizing biomolecular parameters by membranes containing nanopores, and also methods of manufacturing the apparatus that can be used in the methods and apparatus presented herein. A nanoporous membrane is a multilayer stack of conductive and dielectric layers, and the embedded conductive layer or conductive layer gate is a well-controlled measurable electric field in and around the nanopore through which biomolecules move. Is granted. In one embodiment, the conductive layer is graphene. [Selection] FIG. |