| abstract |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a difference between a fluctuation of a bright part potential when repeatedly used in a normal temperature and humidity environment and a fluctuation of a bright part potential when repeatedly used in a high temperature and high humidity environment is suppressed, and A process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains metal oxide particles, a binder resin, and at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of bismuth, zinc, cobalt, iron, nickel, and copper. Contains an organic acid metal salt. [Selection] Figure 1 |