| abstract |
The invention provides methods for producing hydrogen using a carbon nitride (CN x ) photocatalyst or a carbon dot (CD) photocatalyst. The method may include exposing a photocatalyst to visible and/or ultraviolet light in the presence of an organic substrate, such as a biomass or an organic component having a molecular weight of 200 or more, and a co-catalyst that is a hydrogen evolution catalyst. The method may include exposing a photocatalyst within untreated water to visible and/or ultraviolet light in the presence of a co-catalyst that is a hydrogen evolution catalyst. |