| abstract |
Carbon nanomaterials doped with oxygen, nitrogen, boron, phosphorus, sulfur, or a combination thereof operate as selective electrocatalysts for reduction of carbon dioxide to formate. Optionally, nitrogen-containing polymer such as polyethylenimine, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), poly(allylamine hydrochloride), or a combination thereof operates as a co-catalyst in some embodiments, reducing the catalytic overpotential and increasing current density and efficiency. |