| abstract |
Oscillators that include charge-flow transistor logic elements, each logic element including a charge-flow transistor and a load element, in combination. The charge-flow transistors have TURN-ON times t on and TURN-OFF times t off that can be very different from one another (e.g., t on can range from milliseconds to hundreds of seconds; whereas in the charge-flow transistors shown herein t off is typically less than one microsecond). The magnitude of t on is sensitive to the environment; hence, the period of oscillation can be used as a measure of an environmental condition. |