| abstract |
A conductive element includes: a substrate having a first wavy surface, a second wavy surface, and a third wavy surface; a first layer provided on the first wavy surface; and a second layer formed on the second wavy surface. The first and second layers form a conductive pattern portion. The first, second, and third wavy surfaces satisfy the following relationship: n 0≦( Am 1/λ m 1)<( Am 2/λ m 2)<( Am 3/λ m 3)≦1.8n (where Am1 is an average width of vibrations of the first wavy surface, Am2 is an average width of vibrations of the second wavy surface, Am3 is an average width of vibrations of the third wavy surface, λm1 is an average wavelength of the first wavy surface, λm2 is an average wavelength of the second wavy surface, and λm3 is an average wavelength of the third wavy surface.) |