| abstract |
Methods of manufacturing back-contacted p-type semiconductor substrate solar cells fabricated using a gradient-driven solute transport process, such as thermomigration or electromigration, to create n-type conductive vias connecting the n-type emitter layer on the front side to n-type ohmic contacts located on the back side, and back-contacted solar cells with integral n-type conductive vias, such as made by a gradient-driven solute transport process. |