| abstract |
An electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus capable of suppressing the occurrence of ghost, black spot and density unevenness and improving the cycle characteristics of residual potential. An electrophotographic photoreceptor 100 includes a conductive support 3, conductive metal oxide particles, an electron-accepting substance, and a binder, which are provided on the conductive support 3 and surface-treated with a silane coupling agent. An undercoat layer 4 containing a resin and a curing agent, a charge generation layer 1 provided on the undercoat layer 4, and a charge transport layer 2 provided on the charge generation layer 1 are provided. When the thickness of the undercoat layer 4 is 20 μm, the transmittance of the undercoat layer 4 with respect to light having a wavelength of 950 nm is 85% or more. The volume resistance of the undercoat layer 4 is 1 × 10 10 Ω · cm or more and 1 × 10 12 Ω · cm or less. [Selection] Figure 1 |