| abstract |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the occurrence of image defects due to contamination due to the adhesion of foreign matter to the surface, minimize image defects when foreign matter is attached, and further prevent the filming of foreign matter on the surface of a photoreceptor. Provided are conductive rolls such as rolls, transfer rolls, and cleaning rolls. SOLUTION: The conductive roll contacts a member to be charged in a state where a voltage is applied, and charges the member to be charged, wherein the roll surface satisfies the following (a) and (b). Conductive roll. (A) Ten-point average roughness (Rz) of the conductive roll surface is 5 μm or less. (B) Dynamic ultra-fine hardness of the conductive roll surface is 0.04 or more and 0.5 or less. |