| abstract |
(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To exhibit excellent wear resistance, scratch resistance and precipitation resistance, to exhibit excellent potential characteristics stably regardless of repeated use and environmental fluctuations, and to be free from image defects such as fog. Provided are an electrophotographic photoreceptor having an extremely small transfer memory and photomemory and capable of obtaining an excellent image, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus using the same. SOLUTION: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive member contains a hole transporting compound having two or more chain polymerizable functional groups in the same molecule. Contains compounds polymerized by heat or ultraviolet light, And the calorific value of the outermost surface layer by differential scanning calorimetry is 60 mJ. / Mg or less, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member. |