| abstract |
In a one-step process, a spark discharge in an aqueous electrolyte at the electrolyte / titanium phase boundary is carried out using DC and / or alternating and pulsed voltages such that titanium ions as defined by varying the reaction time in structure and properties as well as oxide layers with disperse intercalations and metallic deposits are generated. The electrolytes are acidic as well as basic and in particular contain the anions fluoride and / or phosphates and / or carbonate and / or sulfate and / or borate and / or citrate and / or borofluorate, preferably close to the saturation concentration. The electrolyte may further ionogenic additives such as the anions silicate, aluminate, zincate, molybdate, chromate, vanadate and cations of the metals Pt, Pd, Ni, Cr and metallic and non-metallic components are added. The spark discharge is carried out at current densities, 100 A / dm high 2 and at working voltages 10-20 V higher than the ignition voltage. The titanium oxidized by the process according to the invention can be used in the chemical industry, aerospace and medical technology. |