| abstract |
Binder compositions are disclosed that include silica aquasols which have silica that is metal-modified to include a monolayer or less of a metal such as aluminium, tin, zinc or lead, and deionized to a pH of 2.5-7.0 and a water soluble polymer such as poly(vinyl alcohol). An adhesive that includes a silica aquasol, an oxygen-moiety containing polymer, and clay, the surface of the silica being modified to include a metal, and the silica aquasol being deionized to a pH of 2.5 to 7. |