| abstract |
The disclosure generally refers to compositions and methods for treating subterranean formations that improve the recovery of hydrocarbons from the subterranean formations. The compositions include positively and negatively charged nanoparticles suspended in a carrier fluid that is not a drilling fluid and is free of cement and foaming agents. The populations of nanoparticles may be of different sizes, different materials, and comprise different ratios. The composition may also include: surface-active agents, such as surfactants, polymers; detergents; crystal modifiers; stabilizers, or hydronium. In some embodiments, the surface-active agents may bind to the surface of the positively or negatively charged nanoparticles. A subterranean formation may then be injected with the composition. |