| abstract |
Provided is a method of producing graphene directly from a non-intercalated and non-oxidized graphitic material, comprising: (a) dispersing the graphitic material in a liquid solution to form a suspension, wherein the graphitic material has never been previously exposed to chemical intercalation or oxidation; and (b) subjecting the suspension to microwave or radio frequency irradiation with a frequency and an intensity for a length of time sufficient for producing graphene; wherein the liquid solution contains a metal salt dissolved in water, organic solvent, ionic liquid solvent, or a combination thereof. The method is fast (minutes as opposed to hours or days of conventional processes), environmentally benign, and highly scalable. |