| abstract |
Provided herein are methods and compositions for dynamically controlling and targeting multiple arms of the immune system. Some aspects provide mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) engineered to produce multiple effector molecules. In some instances, each effector molecule modulates a different cell type of the immune system or different functions of a cell. Also provided herein are methods of using the MSCs to treat or alleviate symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), for example. |