| abstract |
Copolymers having General Formula (I): (I) in which R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are chosen from C 1 to C 30 aliphatic groups, R 4 is chosen from divalent C 4 to C 7 linear aliphatic groups and divalent C 4 to C 7 linear heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted with one or more C 1 -C 6 linear aliphatic groups, C 1 -C 6 branched aliphatic groups, or combination thereof, R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are each independently chosen from methyl or hydrogen, x is chosen from 0 to 0.8, y is chosen from 0 to 0.8, when y is 0, x is greater than 0, and when x is 0, y is greater than 0, and z is chosen from 0.1 to 0.9. The summation of x, y, and z equals 1. Methods for inhibiting formation of clathrate hydrates in a fluid capable of forming the clathrate hydrates, including contacting the fluid with at least one copolymer of General Formula (I). |