| abstract |
The present invention provides electrochemical energy storage devices, comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising a first porous electrode, a second porous electrode, an aqueous or non-aqueous electrolyte being in contact with said first porous and second porous electrodes and a porous separator separating the first porous electrode from the second porous electrode, wherein: (a) the electrolyte comprises a first dissolved salt comprising a trivalent post- transition metal cation; and/or (b) the first porous electrode, the second porous electrode or both electrodes comprise submicron particles of a precipitated salt comprising a cation selected from the group consisting of Pb 2+, Sn 2+, and Sb 2+; and/or (c) the second porous electrode comprises pyrite (Fe S 2 ) submicron particles. Further provided are methods of formation of the electrochemical energy storage devices. |