| abstract |
An all-inorganic electrolyte formulation for use in a lithium ion battery system comprising at least one of each a phosphoranimine, a phosphazene, optionally a monomeric organophosphate and a supporting lithium salt. The electrolyte preferably has a melting point below 0°C, and a vapor pressure of combustible components at 60.6 °C sufficiently low to not produce a combustible mixture in air, e.g., less than 40 mmHg at 30 °C. The phosphoranimine, phosphazene, and monomeric phosphorus compound preferably do not have any direct halogen-phosphorus bonds. A solid electrolyte interface layer formed by the electrolyte with an electrode is preferably thermally stable ≥ 80 °C. |