| abstract |
A sodium-ion battery includes a cathode comprising sodium; and an anode composition comprising a material having the formula: A a B b C c D d O, where A is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or a combination thereof, where B is titanium, C is vanadium, D is one or more transition metal element other than titanium or vanadium, a + b + c + d ≤1, a ≥ 0, b + c > 0, b ≥ 0, c ≥ 0, d > 0, and where the material comprises a ilmenite structure, triclinic VFeO 4 structure, cubic Ca 5 Co 4 (VO 4 ) 6 structure, dichromate structure, orthorhombic ∀-CoV 3 O 8 structure, brannerite structure, thortveitite structure, orthorhombic ∃-CrPO 4 structure, or the pseudo rutile structure. |