| abstract |
Provided is a charging member which suppresses the occurrence of abnormal discharge at low temperatures and low humidity. A charging member having a support body and a surface layer on the support body, wherein the surface layer has a compound represented by formula (a) or (c), and a ligand thereof having a specific structure is coordinated to the metal atom of a polymetalloxane (the metal atom being one or more selected from a group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, W, Al, Ga, In and Ge), or to the metal atom of a metal alkoxide or metal hydroxide which have a metal atom. |