| abstract |
The invention provides sulfuric acid efficiency electrolytes including a surfactant, preferably an amphoteric or a non-ionic surfactant, and/or phosphoric acid, the sulfuric acid efficiency electrolyte preferably further including at least one of a chelating agent and a crystal growth regulator, and optionally, a filler. The invention further provides sulfuric acid electrolytes including a filler, at least one chelating agent, and at least one water-soluble sulfate salt, wherein the chelating agent comprises an alkali metallated chelating agent and the water-soluble sulfate salt comprises the corresponding cation to the cation present in the alkali metallated chelating agent. The invention further provides lead sulfuric acid batteries including a positive electrode, negative electrode, and the efficiency electrolyte of the invention disposed therebetween. |