| abstract |
A polymeric dispersant comprising: (a) from 50 to 95 wt% polymerized residues of monomer (A): (A) wherein R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or COOX; R 2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R 3 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; and X is hydrogen, sodium, potassium, ammonium or a combination thereof; (b) from 1 to 20 wt% polymerized residues of monomer (B): (B) wherein R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R 7 is C 8 -C 30 alkyl or C 8 -C 30 aralkyl; and (c) from 3 to 30 wt% polymerized residues of monomer (C): (C) wherein R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R 11 and R 12 are independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 8 alkyl or hydroxymethyl; and n is an integer from 1 to 3. |