| abstract |
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of removing a material (e.g., a contaminant) such as one or more types of metals (e.g., heavy metals such as lead), phosphate (and esters), nitrate (and esters), and/or nitrite (and esters), from a fluid (e.g., water) with biologically activated biochar (e.g., digested residue derived biochar), methods of making biologically activated biochar, biologically activated biochar, structures including biologically activated biochar, and the like. |