| abstract |
Thin film composite, TFC, membranes for use in forward and reverse osmosis may include monohydrolyzed and/or dihydrollyzed TMC and/or alkaline earth alkaline metal complexes and others. Specific concentration and ratio ranges of components used for interfacial polymerization may be used to enhance the flux increase and/or limit the rejection decrease in these membranes and/or reduce fouling. Techniques are provided for determining the usefulness of particular additives and the best ranges of concentration for both membrane improvement and membrane fabrication repeatability based on non-linearities identified in the effects of the additives on flux and rejection. |