| abstract |
Disclosed is a dispersing agent represented by the following general formula (1). Regarding A1-A4, two of them respectively represent a monovalent polymer moiety (P) and the other two respectively represent -C(=O)OH or -CH2C(=O)OH; one of them represents a monovalent polymer moiety (P) and the other three respectively represent -C(=O)OH or -CH2C(=O)OH; or one of them represents a monovalent polymer moiety (P), two of the other three respectively represent -C(=O)OH or -CH2C(=O)OH and the other one represents -C(=O)-Xa-Ra. X1 represents a tetravalent group represented by the following general formula (2), (3) or (4). |