| abstract |
The invention relates to material systems wherein electrochemical and/or photochemical parallel reactions are completely avoided by stabilising structural modifications, or repressed by orders of magnitude as a result of the structural modifications. The invention also relates to polymer 4,4'-bipyridinium structures, to formulations based on said structures and used for electrochromic active layers, and to the use of 4,4'-bipyridinium structures for producing organic electrochromic displays. |