| abstract |
The invention provides compounds of formula (I): wherein a, b, c, p, W, A, X1, R1, R2, R3, R6, R7, and R8 are as defined in the specification. The compounds of formula I are muscarinic receptor antagonists. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, processes and intermediates for preparing such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat pulmonary disorders. |