| abstract |
Pigment compositions and methods are provided comprising coupling agents. In various embodiments, a pigment is provided comprising titanium dioxide and a coupling agent having the formula: (R'O)(q-n)M(XRm)n wherein M is Ti, Zr, Sn, or Al; X is -CO2, =PO2, -PO2(OH), =PO2PO2(OH), or -SO3; m is 1 or 2; n is 1, 2, or 3 and q is 4 when M is Ti, Zr or Sn, or n is 1 or 2 and q is 3 when M is Al; R' is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkynyl, alkydiyl, alkyleno, alkanyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, arylaryl, aryldiyl, or aryleno; and R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkynyl, alkydiyl, alkyleno, alkanyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, arylaryl, aryldiyl, or aryleno, wherein R comprises a carbon chain of 2 to 30 carbon atoms. The pigment compositions have improved lacing resistance, dispersibilitydurability, stability or combinations thereof. |