| abstract |
In one aspect, the invention provides a photoelectrochemical (PEC) electrode (92) or photoelectrode (52) for use in splitting water by electrolysis. The photoelectrode (52) has an electrically conductive surface in contact with an electrolyte solution. This surface is a doped tin oxide layer (97), which is in electrical contact with the semiconductor solar cell material (55) of the PEC photoelectrode (92). In a variation of the present invention, another layer of metal oxide having transparent, anti-reflective, and conductive properties is disposed between the doped tin oxide layer and the semiconductor material. |