| abstract |
Pharmaceutical formulations are described comprising at least one growth hormone and one or more intranasal delivery-enhancing agents for enhanced nasal mucosal delivery of the growth hormone. In one aspect, the intranasal delivery formulations and methods provide enhanced delivery of growth hormone to the blood plasma, for example, by yielding a peak concentration (Cmax) of the growth hormone in an hepatic portal vein or a blood plasma of the subject that is 20% or greater compared to a peak concentration of the growth hormone in the hepatic portal vein or the blood plasma of the subject following administration to the subject of a same concentration or dose of the growth hormone to the subject by subcutaneous injection. Exemplary formulations and methods within the invention utilize human growth hormone as the hormone. |