| abstract |
Recombinant human parainfluenza virus type I (HPIVI) composiitions, formulations, and methods are provided. The recombinant HPIVI viruses and HPIVI chimeric and chimeric vector viruses provided according to the invention are infectious and attenuated in permissive mammalian subjects, including humans, are useful in immunogenic composition s for eliciting an immune responses against one or more PIVs, against one or more non-PIV pathogens, or against a PIV and a non-PIV pathogen. Also provided are isolated polynucleotide molecules and vectors incorporating a recombinant HPIVI genome or antigenome. |