| abstract |
A thin, rechargeable, flexible electrochemical energy cell includes a battery cell, or a capacitor cell, or a battery/capacitor hybrid cell that can be stackable in any number and order. The cell can be based on a powdery mixture of hydrated ruthenium oxide particles or nanoparticles with activated carbon particles or nanoparticles suspended in an electrolyte. The electrolyte may contain ethylene glycol, boric acid, citric acid, ammonium hydroxide, organic acids, phosphoric acid, and/or sulphuric acid. An anode electrode may be formed with a thin layer of oxidizable metal (Zn, Al, or Pb). The cathode may be formed with a graphite backing foil. The energy cell may have a voltage at or below 1.25V for recharging. The thickness 15 of the cell structure can be in the range of 0.5 mm-1 mm, or lower. |