| abstract |
A toner comprising a modified polyester resin containing a structure represented by Formula (1a) or (1b), wherein, in Formula (1a) and (1b), R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, R 2 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon which may be branched, or an aromatic hydrocarbon, and R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group. |