| abstract |
A process for the catalytic fluorination of hydrochlorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons in the liquid phase. The process is useful for fluorinating hydrochloropropanes, hydrochlorofluoropropanes, hydrochloropropenes and hydrochlorofluoropropenes and most particularly useful for fluorinating 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane to 1,1,1,3,3-pentafloropropane. Suitable catalysts include (i) a pentavalent molybdenum halide; (ii) a tetravalent tin halide; (iii) a tetravalent titanium halide; (iv) a mixture of a pentavalent tantalum halide with a tetravalent tin halide; (v) a mixture of a pentavalent tantalum halide with a tetravalent titanium halide; (vi) a mixture of a pentavalent niobium halide with a tetravalent tin halide; (vii) a mixture of a pentavalent niobium halide with a tetravalent titanium halide; (viii) a mixture of a pentavalent antimony halide with a tetravalent tin halide; (ix) a mixture of a pentavalent antimony halide with a tetravalent titanium halide; (x) a mixture of a pentavalent molybdenum halide with a tetravalent tin halide; (xi) a mixture of a pentavalent molybdenum halide with a tetravalent titanium halide and (xii) a mixture of a pentavalent antimony halide with a trivalent antimony halide. Products of this process are useful in a variety of applications including solvents, blowing agents, and refrigerants. |