| abstract |
The present invention is directed to fuel compositions containing branched amido-amine additives formed by (a) reacting a first nitrogen-containing compound (e.g., ammonia or an organic amine) with an alpha, beta-unsaturated compound of the formula: -OR4, -SR4, or -NR4(R5), and R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and are hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, to form a first adduct containing unreacted -C(W1)-Y groups; (b) reacting the first adduct with a polyamine (e.g., a polyalkylene polyamine) to form a second adduct containing unreacted -NH- group (preferably primary amine groups) and comprising a branched amido-amine oligomer; and (c) reacting the second adduct with a long chain hydrocarbyl substituted mono- or dicarboxylic acid material comprising a polyolefin of 300 to 10,000 number average molecular weight substituted with at least 0.3 mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties (preferably acid or anhydride moieties) per polyolefin molecule. |