| abstract |
An olefin is reacted with a source of X free radical in the presence of an ion of manganese, vanadium, or cerium having a valence higher than the lowest valence above the zero valent form of the metal to form derivatives of the olefin that contain one or more functional groups. The free radical X is one that is resistant to substantial oxidation by the ion of the metal and is obtained from ketones, aldehydes, esters, nitriles, nitroparaffins, sulfoxides, thiosulfonic acid esters, alkanesulfonic acids, alkanesulfinic acids, and thiols. |