abstract |
Disclosed herein are lignin adducts of the formula WHEREIN X is an alkali metal cation, such as sodium, potassium and lithium. These lignin adducts are made by reacting an alkali lignin or sulfonated lignin with up to 10 moles of a salt of epoxysuccinate at a temperature of from 50 DEG C. to 150 DEG C. The lignodicarboxylic acid and its salts are useful as a dispersant and metal complexing agent. |