| abstract |
Provided are native promoters comprising polynucleotides isolated from Corynebacterium glutamicum , and mutant promoters derived therefrom, which may be used to regulate, i.e., either increase or decrease, on-pathway and/or off-pathway gene expression. Also provided are promoter ladders comprising a plurality of the promoters having incrementally increasing promoter activity. Also provided are host cells and recombinant vectors comprising the promoters, and methods of expressing ancillary genes of interest and producing biomolecules using the host cells. |