abstract |
Methods are provided, in some aspects, for differentiating pluripotent cells into midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons using a mono-SMAD inhibition or inhibition of SMAD signaling with only one SMAD inhibitor. In some embodiments, mono-SMAD inhibition utilizes a single inhibitor of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) for differentiating pluripotent cells into midbrain DA neurons. |