| abstract |
An embodiment is directed to a separator with a ceramic-comprising separator layer. The ceramic-comprising separator layer comprises porous metal oxide fibers with diameters in the range from around 3 nm to around 2 microns, aspect ratios in the range from around 20 to around 100,000, and a total open pore volume among the porous metal oxide fibers in the range from around 0.01 cm 3 /g to around 1 cm 3 /g. |