| abstract |
A four stroke internal combustion engine is disclosed comprising at least one cylinder arrangement, an exhaust conduit, and at least one turbine. The cylinder arrangement comprises an exhaust port arrangement configured to open and close an exhaust flow area, ACYL. The cylinder arrangement has a maximum volume, VMAX. The exhaust conduit extends between the exhaust flow area, ACYL, and a turbine wheel inlet area, ATIN, of the turbine and has an exhaust conduit volume, VEXH that is ≤0.5 times the maximum volume, VMAX. The exhaust port arrangement is configured to expose the exhaust flow area, ACYL, at a size of at least 0.22 times the maximum volume, VMAX, when a piston of the cylinder arrangement is at the bottom dead centre, BDC. |