| abstract |
Provided is an aluminum secondary battery comprising an optional anode current collector, an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte in ionic contact with the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode contains aluminum metal or an aluminum metal alloy and the cathode comprises a layer of graphite or carbon material having expanded inter-graphene planar spaces with an inter-planar spacing d 002 from 0.43 nm to 2.0 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction. Such an aluminum battery delivers a high energy density, high power density, and long cycle life. |