| abstract |
Methods of forming an electrically conductive carbon allotrope material comprise depositing a first material comprising a polymer and a sulfonic acid onto a carbon allotrope material to form a second material. The methods comprise curing the second material. Methods of heating a surface of a vehicle component comprise applying a voltage to a material comprising a carbon allotrope material, a polymer, and a sulfonic acid. The material is disposed on a surface of a vehicle component. Electrically conductive materials comprise at least one polymer, at least one sulfonic acid, and a carbon allotrope material. |