| abstract |
Methods and compositions are described herein for generating brown adipose cells and tissues that involve contacting one or more starting cells with bexarotene, ciclopirox, IOX2, or combinations thereof. When administered in vivo, subjects receiving bexarotene, ciclopirox, IOX2, or combinations thereof have reduced white adipose tissue mass (with enhanced beige features) as well as enlarged brown fat tissue compared to a control mammal that did not receive the bexarotene, ciclopirox, IOX2, or combinations thereof. The subjects also have increased energy expenditure, generate more heat, and/or consume more oxygen, than a control mammal that did not receive the bexarotene, ciclopirox, IOX2, or combinations thereof. |