| abstract |
Methods for pre-lithiating negative electrodes for lithium-ion electrochemical cells (e.g., batteries) are provided. The methods include disposing a lithium metal source comprising a layer of lithium metal adjacent to a surface of a pre-fabricated negative electrode. The lithium metal source and electrode are heated (e.g., to a temperature of ≧about 100° C.) to transfer a quantity of lithium to the pre-fabricated negative electrode. This lithiation process adds excess active lithium capacity that enables replacement of irreversibly lost lithium during cell formation and cell aging, thus leading to increased battery capacity and improved battery life. The methods may be batch or continuous. |