| abstract |
Provided is an electroconductive member for electrophotography having a stable charging ability. The electroconductive member includes, in this order, an electroconductive substrate, an electroconductive elastic layer, and a surface layer. The surface layer contains a polymer having a urethane linkage. The polymer has, in the molecule, structures included in at least two groups selected from: Group A of structures each represented by a specific structural formula (1); Group B of at least one of structures each represented by a specific structural formula (2) or structures each represented by a structural formula (3); and Group C of structures each represented by a specific structural formula (4). The surface layer has a volume resistivity of 1.0×10 10 Ω·cm or more and 1.0×10 16 Ω·cm or less, and the surface layer has a universal hardness at a depth 1 μm from the surface thereof of 1.0 N/mm 2 or more and 7.0 N/mm 2 or less. |